The issue is actually quite simple. A key point while developing the 737 Max was that it needed larger diameter engines because those are more efficient than the older smaller ones.
Fitting those to the original 737 is difficult because it just doesn’t have much ground clearance, it was just never intented to be upgraded this way. Keep in mind, it is amore than 50 years old design by now.
What they did was that they attached the new engines partially in front except of under the wings. This way their large intake fan fits the plane, but it of course leads to a different balance - the Max versions are quite top heavy, but at the same time and more importantly their engines can create a lot more lift than older ones.
Because of this they are not allowed to fly in certain angles that were no problem for older models of the 737. To help pilots dealing with this problem and not reachubg those angles of attack they developed their infamous MCAS system which failed in the two disasters.
Why did Boeing do this, if it leads to potential instabilities? Because of money. This way to develop the Max means that it still basically is a 737 with new engines. No need to recertify the whole plane, no need to retrain all pilots (that's what MCAS was for, ensuring every 737 pilot was just allowed to fly the Max without further training), no increased development cost etc.
In hindsight Boeing should just have constructed a 797 as completely new replacement for the 737, but at the time it loked like a smart business decision. But they butchered the execution of these ideas and therefore hundreds of people.