Ramos has played in better teams than Neuer has. And under what metric would you put Ramos over Neuer other than achievements, under which even Navas would be better than Neuer, because in terms of actual defending he isn't even regarded as one of the best.
Not wanting to shit on Ramos but if you want to think it's ridiculous to suggest Neuer is better just because Ramos has won more, as if Neuer has won nothing in his career, then that's ridiculous.
And fewer years at the top? Just because you don't follow the BL doesn't mean you can sprout nonsense, Neuer has been one of the best since 2010 but it was obviously only until that match against United that people finally saw him (because he was playing for a crap Schalke team).
You said it yourself, Neuer came into the scene in around 2010/11, and was there till 2016/17ish, he hasn't been really at the top since due to injuries and a dip in form, while Ramos was one of the best RBs since 2007, was great in Euro 08, WC 2010 etc. and has been one of the best CBs of his generation for a couple of years, playing a major role in CLs win in 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018. He has had many more years at the top.
Also comparisons with Navas are off, as he hasn't had that many individual accomplishments.
Here's a list of their "individual" awards (I've cut a few of the irrelevant ones from each player):
Ramos
9X FIFA FIFPro World XI: 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
8X UEFA Team of the Year: 2008, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
2X IFFHS Men's World Team: 2017, 2018
2X UEFA Defender of the Season: 2017, 2018
4X UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season: 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18
4X ESM Team of the Year: 2007–08, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2016–17
5X La Liga Best Defender: 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17
2X La Liga Team of the Season: 2015–16, 2016–17
La Liga Breakthrough Player of the Year: 2005
FIFA World Cup Dream Team: 2010
FIFA World Cup Castrol Index Winner: 2010
UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament: 2012
UEFA Euro 2012 Castrol EDGE Index Winner: 2012
FIFA Confederations Cup Dream Team: 2013
FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball: 2014
FIFA Club World Cup top scorer: 2014
UEFA Ultimate Team of the Year: 2015
Neuer
4X FIFA FIFPro World XI: 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
3X UEFA Team of the Year: 2013, 2014, 2015
4X IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper: 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
4X UEFA Goalkeeper of the Year: 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015
3X ESM Team of the Year: 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15
3X Bundesliga Team of the Year: 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17
2X Footballer of the Year in Germany: 2011, 2014
UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament: 2012
2013 UEFA Champions League Final: Fans' Man of the Match
FIFA World Cup Golden Glove: 2014
FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 2014
FIFA World Cup Dream Team: 2014
L'Équipe's player of the year: 2014
Navas (non-CONCACAF awards)
3X FIFA FIFPro World XI
4th team: 2015, 2016, 2017
FIFA FIFPro World XI
3rd team: 2018
2X UEFA Champions League Goalkeeper of the Season: 2017–18
La Liga Player of the Month: March 2014
LFP Awards Best Goalkeeper: 2013–14
UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season: 2017–18
Obviously these awards are not everything, there's a lot more that can only be judged by having watched the matches over the years, but it's a glimpse into their careers. Compare the years, the numbers, and the longevity of each player, and you'd see the point.