Not when it's soft tissue damage. Not to that extent. That thing about sports science improving to that extent is not true. Not unless they've discovered a way to regrow ligaments other than from cadavers or from tendon. Shaw had a broken leg. Broken bones heal and get stronger.
Not true at all.
Ruud tore his ACL before joining United and I think we'd all agree he was brilliant for us. Alex Morgan (US women's player) tore her ACL in high school and went on to be one of the best footballers in the women's game. Shearer tore his ACL at Blackburn in the mid 90s and seemed to have a pretty good career at Newcastle...
Outside of football - The season after tearing his ACL and MCL in December, Adrian Peterson played in the first game of the following season 8.5 months later, finished the season 9 yards shy of breaking the single season rushing record, was named first team all NFL and voted the best player in the league. There are numerous other examples in the NFL and NBA.
Do all athletes come back as strong or stronger after ACL (or other soft tissue) injuries? No, of course not. But let's not pretend it's unprecedented. VVD can absolutely come back at his prior level, especially as a CB. It's not like he's a marauding winger.